Which substance should be administered to a patient in a diabetic coma due to hyperglycemia?

In the case of a diabetic coma resulting from hyperglycemia, insulin is the appropriate substance to administer. Hyperglycemia occurs when there are elevated levels of glucose in the blood, often due to insufficient insulin production or action in the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells for energy.

Administering insulin can effectively reduce blood glucose levels and help reverse the critical state of a diabetic coma, restoring normal physiological function. It is vital to monitor blood sugar levels closely and adjust insulin dosage accordingly to avoid potential hypoglycemia, which can occur if too much insulin is given.

In contrast, administering sugar would exacerbate the hyperglycemic condition, adrenaline could lead to further complications associated with increased blood glucose, and intravenous fluids alone, while important for hydration, would not directly address the underlying cause of hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin stands out as the essential treatment modality in managing a diabetic coma due to elevated blood sugar levels.