What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

The distinction between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation primarily lies in the energy level associated with each type of radiation. Ionizing radiation is characterized by its ability to carry enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, leading to the formation of charged particles or ions. This property is significant because it indicates that ionizing radiation has the capability to potentially cause damage to biological tissues and DNA, which is a key consideration in medical imaging and radiation safety practices.

In contrast, non-ionizing radiation does not possess sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules. As a result, it is generally considered less harmful, although it can still produce effects such as heating of tissues in certain contexts. This type of radiation is frequently utilized in medical imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and MRI, where it does not lead to ionization but can still provide valuable diagnostic information.

Overall, the capacity of ionizing radiation to remove electrons from atoms is the defining difference that underlines its potential biological risks and the need for protective measures when handling such sources in medical and research settings.